Xianan Jiang's Homepage

Overview

I study tropical convection and its multiscale interactions, subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) variability in the tropics and beyond, and how well weather and climate models — from conventional GCMs to kilometer-scale cloud-resolving models and AI-based models — represent them. Through process-oriented diagnostics of observations and hierarchical model experiments, I identify the physical controls of this variability and apply this understanding to two broader challenges: improving S2S prediction of high-impact weather, including tropical cyclones, cold extremes, and western U.S. precipitation; and constraining cloud feedbacks and climate sensitivity with observations.

Lead author of the AGU Centennial Collection review “Fifty Years of Research on the Madden–Julian Oscillation” (JGR-Atmospheres, 2020).
PI of the NOAA Climate Process Team on MJO initiation and propagation; co-organizer of the MJO Task Force / GEWEX GASS Global Multi-Model Evaluation Project on Vertical Structure and Diabatic Processes of the MJO.
Member, WMO WGNE MJO Task Force (2017–present); Topic Editor, Geoscientific Model Development (2026–present).

Recent

2026 — New NOAA WPO project on seasonal prediction of western U.S. precipitation and its predictability sources using NOAA’s Seasonal Forecast System.
2026 — Two new J. Climate papers: land–atmosphere control of subseasonal convection over the Maritime Continent, and the diurnal cycle of rainfall over the East Amazon.

Research Themes

My research spans four interconnected themes, united by a focus on the physical processes behind convection and subseasonal variability — in the tropics and beyond — and on how models represent them:

1. Physics of tropical intraseasonal variability

Mechanisms of the initiation, propagation, and seasonality of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO), and their interactions with convectively coupled equatorial waves, examined through moisture-mode and moist static energy frameworks and idealized model experiments.

Jiang et al. (2004, J. Climate); Jiang and Waliser (2008, GRL); Jiang et al. (2015, JGR); Jiang (2017, JGR); Jiang et al. (2018a, J. Climate); Jiang et al. (2020, JGR); Jiang et al. (2020, npjCAS)

2. Diurnal cycle of convection and land–atmosphere interactions

How land surface processes and the diurnal cycle shape convection over tropical land — the Maritime Continent and the Amazon — and how the Maritime Continent modulates the eastward propagation of the MJO; in the midlatitudes, the roles of eastward-propagating convective episodes and the nocturnal low-level jet in the diurnal cycle of summertime rainfall over the U.S. Great Plains.

Jiang et al. (2006, GRL); Jiang et al. (2007, JAS); Jiang et al. (2019, JGR); Jiang and Ma (2026, J. Climate); Jiang et al. (2026, J. Climate)

3. Process-oriented evaluation of weather and climate models

Diagnostics that reveal why models succeed or fail in simulating tropical variability, diabatic heating, and low clouds — from conventional GCMs to kilometer-scale and AI-based models — including international multi-model evaluation projects and observational constraints on climate sensitivity.

Jiang et al. (2011, MWR); Jiang et al. (2013, J. Climate); Jiang et al. (2015, JGR); Gonzalez and Jiang (2017, GRL); Jiang et al. (2020, The Global Monsoon System); Jiang et al. (2023, Nature Communications)

4. Subseasonal-to-seasonal variability, predictability, and extremes

Sources of subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) predictability in the tropics and beyond: tropical influences on tropical cyclones and western U.S. precipitation, and intraseasonal-to-interannual variability of wintertime surface air temperature over North America, Eurasia, and the Arctic, including the “Warm Arctic–Cold Continent” pattern and its links to cold extremes. This work also explores pathways toward improved prediction, including with NOAA’s new Seasonal Forecast System.

Jiang et al. (2012, J. Climate); Xiang et al. (2015, MWR); Jiang et al. (2018b, J. Climate); Guan et al. (2020, J. Climate); Guan et al. (2020, GRL); Xiang et al. (2020, JGR); Xiu et al. (2022, J. Climate); Jiang et al. (2022, BAMS)

Selected Publications

Jiang, X., and H. Ma, 2026: A crucial role of land-atmosphere interactions in shaping subseasonal convective variability over the Maritime Continent in idealized model simulations. J. Climate, e250654, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-25-0654.1. PDF
Jiang, X., P. Callaghan, A. Herrington, J. Bacmeister, R. Fu, J. Teixeira, and R. Neale, 2026: Key processes associated with the diurnal cycle of rainfall over East Amazon and their representation in global climate models. J. Climate, e250110, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-25-0110.1. PDF
Xiu, J., X. Jiang*, and R. Zhang, 2025: Linking the subseasonal variability of the East Asia winter monsoon and the Madden-Julian Oscillation through wave disturbances along the subtropical jet. npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 8, 185. doi:10.1038/s41612-025-01076-y. PDF
Jiang, X., Su, H., Jiang, J.H., J.D. Neelin, L. Wu, Y. Tsushima, and G. Elsaesser, 2023: Muted extratropical low cloud seasonal cycle is closely linked to underestimated climate sensitivity in models. Nature Communications, 14, 5586, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41360-0. PDF
Jiang, X., D. Waliser, P. Gibson, G. Chen, and W. Guan, 2022: Why seasonal prediction of California winter precipitation is challenging? Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 103, E2688-E2700, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0252.1. PDF. Highlighted in the September 2023 Issue of Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 683-684. PDF
Jiang, X., A. F. Adames, D. Kim, E. Maloney, H. Lin, H. Kim, C. Zhang, C. DeMott, and N. Klingaman, 2020: Fifty Years of Research on the Madden-Julian Oscillation: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives. J. Geophysical Research - Atmosphere, 125, e2019JD030911, doi:10.1029/2019JD030911. PDF (An invited contribution for the AGU's Centennial Collection on "Grand Challenges in the Earth and Space Sciences").
Jiang, X., H. Su, and E. Maloney, 2020: Large-scale controls of propagation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation. npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 3(29), doi:10.1038/s41612-020-00134-x. PDF
Guan, W., X. Jiang*, X. Ren, G. Chen, P. Lin, and H. Lin, 2020: The leading intraseasonal variability mode of wintertime surface air temperature over the North American sector. J. Climate, 33, 9287-9306, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0096.1. PDF
Jiang, X., A. F. Adames, M. Zhao, D. Waliser, and E. Maloney, 2018a: A Unified Moisture Mode Framework for Seasonality of the Madden-Julian Oscillation. J. Climate, 31, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0671.1. PDF.
Jiang, X., Baoqiang Xiang, Ming Zhao, Tim Li, Shian-Jiann Lin, Zhuo Wang, and Jan-Huey Chen, 2018b: Extended-Range Tropical Cyclogenesis Prediction in a Coupled Global High-Resolution Model System, J. Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0454.1. PDF
Gonzalez, A., and X. Jiang, 2017: Winter Mean Lower-Tropospheric Moisture over the Maritime Continent as a Climate Model Diagnostic Metric for the Propagation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, doi:10.1002/2016GL072430. PDF
Jiang X., 2017: Key processes for the eastward propagation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation based on multi-model simulations. J. Geophysical Research - Atmosphere, 122, doi:10.1002/2016JD025955. PDF
Jiang, X., D. E. Waliser, P. K. Xavier, J. Petch, N. P. Klingaman, S. J. Woolnough, Bin Guan, Gilles Bellon, T. Crueger, Charlotte DeMott, C. Hannay, H. Lin, W. Hu, D. Kim, C.-L. Lappen, M.-M. Lu, H.-Y. Ma, T. Miyakawa, J. A. Ridout, S. D. Schubert, J. Scinocca, K.-H. Seo, E. Shindo, X. Song, C. Stan, W.-L. Tseng, W. Wang, T. Wu, X. Wu, K. Wyser, G. J. Zhang, and H. Zhu, 2015: Vertical structure and diabatic processes of the Madden-Julian Oscillation: Exploring Key Model Physics in Climate Simulations, J. Geophysical Research - Atmosphere, 120, 4718-4748, doi:10.1002/2014JD022375. PDF. Reported by AGU EOS Research Spotlight (AGU web link) PDF.
Jiang, X., D. E. Waliser, W. S. Olson, W.-K. Tao, T. S. L'Ecuyer, S. Shige, K.-F. Li, Y. L. Yung, S. Lang, and Y. N. Takayabu, 2011: Vertical diabatic heating structure of the MJO: Intercomparison between recent reanalyses and TRMM estimates, Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 3208-3223. PDF
Jiang, X., N.-C. Lau, I. M. Held and J. J. Ploshay, 2007: Mechanisms of the Great-Plains low-level jet as simulated in an AGCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 532-547. PDF
Jiang, X., N.-C. Lau, and S. A. Klein, 2006: Role of the eastward propagating convective episodes on the diurnal cycle and seasonal mean of the summertime rainfall over the U.S. Great-Plains. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19809, doi:10.1029/2006GL027022. PDF
Jiang, X., T. Li and B. Wang, 2004: Structures and mechanisms of the northward propagating boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation. J. Climate, 17, 1022-1039. PDF

* Corresponding author for student papers.

Full publication list ↓

Funded Projects

Current

NOAA/Weather Program Office (WPO): "Towards improved seasonal prediction of precipitation over the west U.S. and understanding of its predictability sources using NOAA’s Seasonal Forecast System". PI: Xianan Jiang, Co-PI: Xiaqiong Zhou (NOAA/EMC). 08/01/2026-07/31/2029.
DOE/Biological and Environmental Research (BER) program, the Office of Science: "Representation of the interactions between the Madden-Julian Oscillation and the Maritime Continent in the Regionally-refined Simple Cloud-Resolving E3SM Atmosphere Model (SCREAM)". PI: Xianan Jiang, Co-PI: Hsi-yen Ma (LLNL). 09/01/2023-08/31/2027.

Completed

NOAA/Climate Observations and Monitoring (COM) Program: "A Global Database of Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillations Based on Life-cycle Tracking of Large-scale Precipitation Features". PI: Bin Guan, Co-PI: Xianan Jiang. 09/01/2023-08/31/2026.
NOAA/Climate Variability and Predictability (CVP) Program: "Influences of the Maritime Continent on the Eastward Propagation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation ". PI: Xianan Jiang, Co-PI: Ming Zhao. 09/01/2017-08/31/2021.
NOAA/Climate Variability and Predictability (CVP) Program: "A Climate Process Team: Towards an improved understanding of the initiation and propagation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation". PI: Xianan Jiang, Co-PI: Ming Zhao; Co-Is: Duane Waliser, Bin Wang, Richard Johnson, Shian-Jiann Lin; 08/01/2015-07/31/2018.
NOAA/Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) Program: "Process-oriented Diagnosis and Metrics Development for the Madden-Julian Oscillation Based on Climate Simulations". PI: Xianan Jiang; Co-PI: Eric Maloney; 08/01/2015-07/31/2018.
NOAA/Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) Program: "Modulation of Tropical Cyclone (TC) Activity over the Intra-Americas Sea by Intraseasonal Variability: Implications for Dynamical TC Prediction on Intraseasonal Time Scales". PI: Xianan Jiang; Co-Is: Ming Zhao, Duane Waliser, Shian-Jiann Lin; 08/01/2012-07/31/2016.
National Science Foundation/Climate and Large Scale Dynamics Program: "Understanding the Role of Convective Momentum Transport for the Madden-Julian Oscillation", PI: Xianan Jiang; Co-Is: Duane Waliser, Mitch Moncrieff, Richard Johnson, and Ming Zhao. 07/01/2012-06/30/2016.
Office of Naval Research/Marine Meteorology Program: "Leveraging the MJO for predicting envelopes of tropical wave and synoptic activity at multi-week lead times", PI: Duane Waliser; Co-PI: Xianan Jiang. 04/01/2012-03/31/2015.
National Science Foundation/Climate and Large Scale Dynamics Program: "Diabatic Processes of the MJO: Enabling and Analyzing an MJO TF and GASS Global Model Evaluation Project", PI: Duane Waliser; Co-PI: Xianan Jiang. 08/01/2012-07/31/2015.
NASA/Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS) Program: "Characterizing Uncertainties in Large-Scale Atmospheric Heating Distributions Derived from TRMM Observations and Reanalysis Datasets". PI: Bill Olson (UMBC), UCLA PI: Xianan Jiang. 11/01/2012-10/31/2014.
NOAA/Climate Prediction Program of the Americas (CPPA): "Two dominant modes of the subseasonal variability of the Eastern Pacific ITCZ: Connections between extreme events, subseasonal and interannual variability". PI: Xianan Jiang; Co-PI(I)s: Duane Waliser, Stephen Lord, Augustin Vintzileos, and Ming Zhao, 08/01/2009-07/31/2012.
National Science Foundation/Climate and Large Scale Dynamics Program: "Collaborative research: Vertical heating structure in large-scale coupled tropical waves". PI: Xianan Jiang, Co-I: Duane Waliser; 10/01/2009-09/30/2012.
NOAA/Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) Program: "Comparison of Structure and Evolution Characteristics of Boreal Summer and Winter Intraseasonal Oscillations Derived from Reanalysis Products and Satellite Observations". PI: Tim Li (U. Hawaii), UCLA PI: Xianan Jiang; 09/01/2011-08/31/2012.

Leadership & Service

Leadership & Editorial Roles

Topic Editor, Geoscientific Model Development (European Geosciences Union), 2026–present.
Editor, Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 2016–2019.
Member, WMO Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (WGNE) MJO Task Force, 2017–present.
Principal Investigator, “A Climate Process Team for Understanding Madden-Julian Oscillation Initiation and Propagation,” NOAA Climate Program Office, Climate Variability and Predictability (CVP) Program.
Co-organizer, Global Multi-Model Evaluation Project on Vertical Structure and Diabatic Processes of the MJO, a joint activity of the WCRP-WWRP/THORPEX MJO Task Force / Year of Tropical Convection (YOTC) and the GEWEX Atmospheric System Study (GASS).
Organizer, “Workshop on the Madden-Julian Oscillation,” University of California, Los Angeles, November 21–22, 2016.
Co-organizer, “Workshop on the Vertical Heating and Moistening Process of the Madden-Julian Oscillation,” Centre for Climate Research Singapore, National Environment Agency, Singapore, June 2013.
Session convener, “The Madden-Julian Oscillation,” AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 2016–2020.
Member, NOAA Climate Program Office MAPP Program CMIP5 Task Force and Climate Prediction Task Force.
Program committee member / session chair for international conferences and workshops, including AMS Annual Meetings, AMS Conferences on Tropical Meteorology and Hurricanes, and US CLIVAR workshops.

Review & Community Service

Peer reviewer for Journal of Climate, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Monthly Weather Review, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, International Journal of Climatology, Geophysical Research Letters, Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Dynamics, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Atmospheric Science Letters, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, Journal of Hydrometeorology.
Proposal reviewer for US National Science Foundation (NSF), NOAA, NASA, DOE, National Institute for Water Resources (NIWR), UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), and French National Research Agency (ANR).
Review panelist for NOAA Climate Program Office, NASA Research Opportunities in Earth and Space Science (ROSES), and DOE Biological and Environmental Research (BER) program.
Judge, Outstanding Student Paper Awards (OSPA), AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 2014–2020.

Research Experience

Assistant Researcher/Associate Researcher/Researcher, Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 2008-present
Affiliate Research Scientist, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 2008-present
Research Associate, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 2006-2008
Postdoctoral Visiting Scientist, Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, 2004-2006
Graduate Research Assistant and Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Meteorology and International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1999-2004

Education

2004 - Ph.D. (Meteorology), University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
1996 - M.S. (Meteorology), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
1993 - B.S. (Meteorology), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China

All Publications

Jiang, X., and H. Ma, 2026: A crucial role of land-atmosphere interactions in shaping subseasonal convective variability over the Maritime Continent in idealized model simulations. J. Climate, e250654, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-25-0654.1. PDF
Jiang, X., P. Callaghan, A. Herrington, J. Bacmeister, R. Fu, J. Teixeira, and R. Neale, 2026: Key processes associated with the diurnal cycle of rainfall over East Amazon and their representation in global climate models. J. Climate, e250110, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-25-0110.1. PDF
Zhao, S., Fu, R., Núñez Ocasio, K., Nystrom, R., He, C., Zhang, J., Jiang, X., and Teixeira, J., 2025: Understanding mesoscale convective processes over the Congo Basin using the Model for Prediction Across Scales-Atmosphere (MPAS-A). Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 17301–17318, doi:10.5194/acp-25-17301-2025. PDF
Xiu, J., X. Jiang*, and R. Zhang, 2025: Linking the subseasonal variability of the East Asia winter monsoon and the Madden-Julian Oscillation through wave disturbances along the subtropical jet. npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 8, 185. doi:10.1038/s41612-025-01076-y. PDF
Jiang, X., and B. Tian, 2024: Tropical Meteorology: Intertropical Convergence Zone - an invited book chapter for the Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Third Edition, 185. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-96026-7.00141-7. PDF
Jiang, X., D. E. Waliser, P. B. Gibson, G. Chen, and W. Guan, 2023: Not Looking So California: Winter Season Outlooks There Using Only ENSO May Be Unreliable. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 104, 683–684, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0252.A. PDF
Jiang, X., Su, H., Jiang, J.H., J.D. Neelin, L. Wu, Y. Tsushima, and G. Elsaesser, 2023: Muted extratropical low cloud seasonal cycle is closely linked to underestimated climate sensitivity in models. Nature Communications, 14, 5586, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41360-0. PDF
Jiang, X., H. Su, S. Chen, and P. Ullrich, 2023: Simulation of African Easterly Waves in a Global Climate Model. J. Climate, 36, 1415-1433, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0090.1. PDF
Zhang, S., H. Zhao, P. J. Klotzbach, X. Jiang, G. Chen, and S. Chen, 2023: Interannual Variability in the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation Modulates the Meridional Migration of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Genesis. J. Climate, 36, 4543-4558, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0406.1 PDF
Wang, X., D. Waliser, X. Jiang, S. Asharaf, F. Vitart, and W. Jie, 2023: Evaluating western North Pacific tropical cyclone forecast in the subseasonal to seasonal prediction project database. Frontiers in Earth Science, 10, doi:10.3389/feart.2022.1064960 PDF
Neena, E. Suhas, and X. Jiang, 2023: Modulation of the Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves by the MJO over different domains. J. Climate, 36, 7025-7039, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0641.1. PDF
Jiang, X., D. Waliser, P. Gibson, G. Chen, and W. Guan, 2022: Why seasonal prediction of California winter precipitation is challenging? Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 103, E2688-E2700, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0252.1. PDF
Zhao, H., Lu, Y., Jiang, X., Klotzbach, P. J., Wu, L., Cao, J., 2022: A Statistical Intraseasonal Prediction Model of Extended Boreal Summer Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Genesis. J. Climate, 35, 2459-2478, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0110.1. PDF
Xiu, J., X. Jiang*, R. Zhang, W. Guan, and G. Chen, 2022: An Intraseasonal Mode Linking Wintertime Surface Air Temperature over Arctic and Eurasian Continent. J. Climate, 35, 2675-2696, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0495.1. PDF
Wu, J., Li, Y., Luo, J., X. Jiang, 2021: Assessing the Role of Air-Sea Coupling in Predicting Madden-Julian Oscillation with an Atmosphere-Ocean Coupled Model. J. Climate, 34, 9647-9663, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0989.1. PDF
Guan, W., X. Jiang*, Ren, X., Chen, G., and Ding, Q., 2021: Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies as Important Boundary Forcing in Driving the Interannual Warm Arctic-Cold Continent Pattern over the North American Sector. J. Climate, 34, 5923-5937. PDF
Lyu, M., X. Jiang*, Z. Wu*, D. Kim, and A. F. Adames, 2021: Zonal-Scale of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and Its Propagation Speed on the Interannual Time-Scale. Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL091239, doi:10.1029/2020GL091239. PDF
Jiang, X., A. F. Adames, D. Kim, E. Maloney, H. Lin, H. Kim, C. Zhang, C. DeMott, and N. Klingaman, 2020: Fifty Years of Research on the Madden-Julian Oscillation: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives. J. Geophysical Research - Atmosphere, 125, e2019JD030911, doi:10.1029/2019JD030911. PDF (An invited contribution for the AGU's Centennial Collection on "Grand Challenges in the Earth and Space Sciences").
Jiang, X., H. Su, and E. Maloney, 2020: Large-scale controls of propagation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation. npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 3(29), doi:10.1038/s41612-020-00134-x. PDF
Xiang, B., Y. Sun, J.-H. Chen, N. Johnson, and X. Jiang, 2020: Subseasonal prediction of land cold extremes in boreal wintertime. J. Geophysical Research - Atmosphere, 125, doi:10.1029/2020JD032670. PDF
Ahn, M.-S., D. Kim, D. Kang, J. Lee, K. R. Sperber, P. J. Gleckler, X. Jiang, Y.-G. Ham, and H. Kim, 2020: MJO propagation across the Maritime Continent: Are CMIP6 models better than CMIP5 models? Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, doi:10.1029/2020GL087250. PDF
Guan, W., X. Jiang*, X. Ren, G. Chen, P. Lin, and H. Lin, 2020: The leading intraseasonal variability mode of wintertime surface air temperature over the North American sector. J. Climate, 33, 9287-9306, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0096.1. PDF
Guan, W., X. Jiang*, X. Ren*, G. Chen, and Q. Ding, 2020: Role of atmospheric variability in driving the "Warm-Arctic, Cold-continent" pattern over the North America sector and sea ice variability over the Chukchi-Bering Sea. Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, doi:10.1029/2020GL088599. PDF
Jiang, X., D. Kim, and E. Maloney, 2020: Progress and Status of MJO Simulation in Climate Models and Process-Oriented Diagnostics, Chapter 25 in "The Multiscale Global Monsoon System", eds. C.-P. Chang, K.-J. Ha, R. H. Johnson, D. Kim, G. N. Lau, and B. Wang. World Scientific Series on Asia-Pacific Weather and Climate, Vol. 11. World Scientific, Singapore. PDF
Suhas, E., J. M. Neena, and X. Jiang, 2020: Exploring the Factors Influencing the Strength and Variability of Convectively Coupled Mixed Rossby-Gravity Waves. J. Climate, 33, 9705-9719, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0218.1. PDF
Kuo, Y.-H., J. D. Neelin, C.-C. Chen, W.-T. Chen, L. J. Donner, A. Gettelman, X. Jiang, K.-T. Kuo, E. Maloney, C. R. Mechoso, Y. Ming, K. A. Schiro, C. J. Seman, C.-M. Wu, M. Zhao, 2020: Convective transition statistics over tropical oceans for climate model diagnostics: GCM evaluation. J. Atmos. Sci., 77, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-19-0132.1. PDF
Jiang, X., H. Su, and D. Waliser, 2019: A damping effect of the Maritime Continent for the Madden-Julian Oscillation. J. Geophysical Research - Atmosphere, 124, doi:10.1029/2019JD031503. PDF
Maloney, E. D., A. Gettelman, Y. Ming, J. D. Neelin, D. Barrie, A. Mariotti, C. C. Chen, D. R. B. Coleman, Y.-H. Kuo, B. Singh, H. Annamalai, A. Berg, J. F. Booth, S. J. Camargo, A. Dai, A. Gonzalez, J. Hafner, X. Jiang, X. Jing, D. Kim, A. Kumar, Y. Moon, C. M. Naud, A. H. Sobel, K. Suzuki, F. Wang, J. Wang, A. A. Wing, X. Xu, and M. Zhao, 2019: Process-Oriented Evaluation of Climate and Weather Forecasting Models, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 100, 1665-1686, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0042.1. PDF
Lyu, M., X. Jiang*, and Z. Wu, 2019: A cautionary note on the long-term trend in activity of the Madden-Julian Oscillation during the past decades. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, doi:10.1029/2019GL086133. PDF
Gonzalez, A., and X. Jiang, 2019: Distinct propagation characteristics of intraseasonal variability over the tropical west Pacific. J. Geophysical Research - Atmosphere, 124, 5332-5351. doi:10.1029/2018JD029884. PDF
Xiang, B., S.-J. Lin, M. Zhao, N. Johnson, X. Yang, and X. Jiang, 2019: Subseasonal Week-3-5 Surface Air Temperature Prediction during Boreal Wintertime, Geophys. Res. Lett., doi:10.1029/2018GL081314. PDF.
Baranowski D., D. Waliser, X. Jiang, J. Ridout, and M. Flatau, 2019: Contemporary GCM Fidelity In Representing the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation over the Maritime Continent. J. Geophysical Research - Atmosphere, doi:10.1029/2018JD029474. PDF
Cesana, G., D. Waliser, T. S. L'Ecuyer, X. Jiang, and J-L. F. Li, 2019: The Vertical Structure Of Radiative Heating Rates: A Multimodel Evaluation Using A-Train Satellite Observations. J. Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0136.1. PDF
Jiang, X., A. F. Adames, M. Zhao, D. Waliser, and E. Maloney, 2018a: A Unified Moisture Mode Framework for Seasonality of the Madden-Julian Oscillation. J. Climate, 31, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0671.1. PDF.
Jiang, X., Baoqiang Xiang, Ming Zhao, Tim Li, Shian-Jiann Lin, Zhuo Wang, and Jan-Huey Chen, 2018b: Extended-Range Tropical Cyclogenesis Prediction in a Coupled Global High-Resolution Model System, J. Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0454.1. PDF
Wang, B., S.-S. Lee, D. E. Waliser, C. Zhang, A. Sobel, E. Maloney, T. Li, X. Jiang, and K.-J. Ha, 2018: Dynamics-Oriented Diagnostics for the Madden-Julian Oscillation. J. Climate, 31, 3117-3135, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0332.1. PDF.
Zhao, H., X. Jiang, L. Wu, and P. Klotzbach, 2018: Multi-scale interactions of equatorial waves associated with tropical cyclogenesis over the western North Pacific, Climate Dyn., 50, 1485-1494, doi:10.1007/s00382-018-4307-z. PDF
Kim, J., D. E. Waliser, G. V. Cesana, X. Jiang, T. L'Ecuyer, and J. M. Neena, 2018: Cloud and radiative heating profiles associated with the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation. Climate Dyn., 50, 1485-1494, doi:10.1007/s00382-017-3700-3. PDF
Wang Z., W. Li, M. S. Peng, X. Jiang, R. McTaggart-Cowan, and C. A. Davis, 2018: Predictive Skill and Predictability of North Atlantic Tropical Cyclogenesis in Different Synoptic Flow Regimes. J. Atmos. Sci., 75, 361-378, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-17-0094.1. PDF
Gonzalez, A., and X. Jiang, 2017: Winter Mean Lower-Tropospheric Moisture over the Maritime Continent as a Climate Model Diagnostic Metric for the Propagation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, doi:10.1002/2016GL072430. PDF
Ciesielski, P., R. H. Johnson, X. Jiang, Y. Zhang, and S. Xie, 2017: Relationships Between Radiation, Clouds, and Convection During DYNAMO. J. Geophysical Research - Atmosphere, 122, doi:10.1002/2016JD025965. PDF. Reported by AGU EOS Research Spotlight (AGU web link)
Jiang X., 2017: Key processes for the eastward propagation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation based on multi-model simulations. J. Geophysical Research - Atmosphere, 122, doi:10.1002/2016JD025955. PDF
Klingaman, N. P., Jiang, X., Xavier, P. K., Petch, J., Waliser, D. and Woolnough, S. J., 2017: Vertical structure and diabatic processes of the Madden-Julian oscillation. In: Chang, C.-P., Kuo, H.-C., Lau, N.-C., Johnson, R. H., Wang, B. and Wheeler, M. C. (eds.) Global Monsoon System: Research and Forecast (3rd Edition). World Scientific Series on Asia-Pacific Weather and Climate, 9. World Scientific, New Jersey, pp. 161-172. ISBN 9789813200906. PDF
Jiang X., M. Zhao, E. Maloney, and D. E. Waliser, 2016: Convective Moisture Adjustment Time-scale as a Key Factor in Regulating Model Amplitude of the Madden-Julian Oscillation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, doi:10.1002/2016GL070898. PDF
Tao, W.-K., Y. N. Takayabu, S. Lang, S. Shige, W. Olson, A.Hou, X. Jiang, C. Zhang, W. Lau, T. Krishnamurti, D. Waliser, M. Grecu, P. E. Ciesielski, R. H. Johnson, R. Houze, R. Kakar, K. Nakamura, S. Braun, S. Hagos, R. Oki, and A. Bhardwaj, 2016: TRMM Latent Heating Retrieval and Comparisons with Field Campaigns and Large-Scale Analyses, Meteorological Monographs, 56, doi:10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-15-0013.1, 2.1-2.34. PDF
Neena, J. M., D. E. Waliser, and X. Jiang, 2016: Model performance metrics and process diagnostics for boreal summer intraseasonal variability, Climate Dyn., doi:10.1007/s00382-016-3166-8. PDF
Zhao, H.-K., X. Jiang, and L. Wu, 2016: Boreal summer synoptic-scale waves over the western North Pacific in multi-model simulations, J. Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0696. PDF
Li, J.-L. F., W.-L. Lee, D. Waliser, J.-Y. Yu, X. Jiang, T. L'Ecuyer, T. Kubar, and E. Fetzer, 2016: Considering the radiative effects of snow on tropical Pacific Ocean radiative heating profiles in contemporary GCMs using A-Train observations, J. Geophysical Research - Atmosphere, 121, 1621-1636, doi:10.1002/2015JD023587. PDF
Cesana, G., D. Waliser, X. Jiang, and J.-L. Li, 2015: Multi-model evaluation of cloud phase transition using satellite and reanalysis data, J. Geophysical Research - Atmosphere, 120, 7871-7892, doi:10.1002/2014JD022932. PDF
Oh, J.-H., X. Jiang, D. Waliser, M. Moncrieff, R. Johnson, and Paul Ciesielski, 2015: A Momentum Budget Analysis of Westerly Wind Events Associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation during DYNAMO, J. Atmos. Sci., 72, 3780-3799. PDF
Xiang, B., M. Zhao, X. Jiang, S.-J. Lin, T. Li, X. Fu, and G. Vecchi, 2015: 3-4 week MJO prediction skill in a GFDL Coupled Model, J. Climate, 28, 5351-5364. PDF
Zhao, H.-K., X. Jiang*, and L. Wu, 2015: Modulation of Northwest Pacific Tropical Cyclone Genesis by the Intraseasonal Variability, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 93, 1, doi:10.2151/jmsj.2015-006. PDF
Klingaman, N. P., X. Jiang, P. K. Xavier, J. Petch, D. Waliser, and S. J. Woolnough, 2015: Vertical structure and diabatic processes of the Madden-Julian Oscillation: Synthesis and summary, J. Geophysical Research - Atmosphere, 120, 4671-4689, doi:10.1002/2015JD023196. PDF
Xiang, B., S.-J. Lin, M. Zhao, S. Zhang, G. Vecchi, T. Li, X. Jiang, Lucas Harris, J.-H. Chen, 2015: Beyond weather time scale prediction for Hurricane Sandy and Super Typhoon Haiyan in a global climate model, Mon. Wea. Rev., 143, 524-535. PDF
Guo, Y, D. E. Waliser, and X. Jiang, 2015: A Systematic Relationship between Activity of Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves and the Madden-Julian Oscillation in Climate Model Simulations, J. Climate, 28, 1881-1904. PDF
Jiang, X., D. E. Waliser, P. K. Xavier, J. Petch, N. P. Klingaman, S. J. Woolnough, Bin Guan, Gilles Bellon, T. Crueger, Charlotte DeMott, C. Hannay, H. Lin, W. Hu, D. Kim, C.-L. Lappen, M.-M. Lu, H.-Y. Ma, T. Miyakawa, J. A. Ridout, S. D. Schubert, J. Scinocca, K.-H. Seo, E. Shindo, X. Song, C. Stan, W.-L. Tseng, W. Wang, T. Wu, X. Wu, K. Wyser, G. J. Zhang, and H. Zhu, 2015: Vertical structure and diabatic processes of the Madden-Julian Oscillation: Exploring Key Model Physics in Climate Simulations, J. Geophysical Research - Atmosphere, 120, 4718-4748, doi:10.1002/2014JD022375. PDF. Reported by AGU EOS Research Spotlight (AGU web link) PDF.
Xavier, P. K., J. C. Petch, N. P. Klingaman, S. J. Woolnough, X. Jiang, D. E. Waliser, M. Caian, S. M. Hagos, C. Hannay, D. Kim, J. Cole, T. Miyakawa, M. Pritchard, R. Roehrig, E. Shindo, F. Vitart, and H. Wang, 2015: Vertical structure and diabatic processes of the Madden-Julian Oscillation: Biases and uncertainties at short range, J. Geophysical Research - Atmosphere, 120, 4749-4763, doi:10.1002/2014JD022718. PDF
Klingaman, N. P., S. J. Woolnough, X. Jiang, D. Waliser, P. K. Xavier, J. Petch, M. Caian, C. Hannay, D. Kim, H.-Y. Ma, W. J. Merryfield, T. Miyakawa, M. Pritchard, J. A. Ridout, R. Roehrig, E. Shindo, F. Vitart, H. Wang, N. R. Cavanaugh, B. E. Mapes, A. Shelly, and G. Zhang, 2015: Vertical structure and diabatic processes of the Madden-Julian Oscillation: Linking hindcast fidelity to simulated diabatic heating and moistening, J. Geophysical Research - Atmosphere, 120, 4749-4763, doi:10.1002/2014JD022718. PDF
Oh, J.-H., X. Jiang, D. Waliser, M. Moncrieff, and R. Johnson, 2015: Convective Momentum Transport associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation Based on a Reanalysis Dataset, J. Climate, 28, 5763-5782. PDF
Wang, S.-Y., and X. Jiang, 2015: Global eastward propagation signals associated with the 4-5 year ENSO cycle in the ocean surface and the atmosphere, Climate Dyn., 44, 2825-2837. PDF
Sheffield, J., A. Barrett, D. Barrie, S. J. Camargo, E. K. M. Chang, B. Colle, D. N. Fernando, R. Fu, K. L. Geil, Q. Hu, X. Jiang, N. Johnson, K. B. Karnauskas, S. T. Kim, J. Kinter, S. Kumar, B. Langenbrunner, K. Lombardo, L. N. Long, E. Maloney, A. Mariotti, J. E. Meyerson, K. C. Mo, J. D. Neelin, S. Nigam, Z. Pan, T. Ren, A. Ruiz-Barradas, R. Seager, Y. L. Serra, A. Seth, D.-Z. Sun, J. M. Thibeault, J. C. Stroeve, C. Wang, S.-P. Xie, Z. Yang, L. Yin, J.-Y. Yu, T. Zhang, M. Zhao, 2014: Regional Climate Processes and Projections for North American: CMIP3/CMIP5 Difference, Attribution and Outstanding Issues, NOAA Technical Report OAR CPO-2. PDF
Mani, J. N., X. Jiang, D. E. Waliser, J.-Y. Lee, and B. Wang, 2014: Eastern Pacific Intraseasonal Variability: A predictability perspective, J. Climate, 27, 8869-8883. PDF
Maloney, E., X. Jiang, S.-P. Xie, and J. Benedict, 2014: Process-Oriented Diagnosis of East Pacific Warm Pool Intraseasonal Variability, J. Climate, 27, 6305-6324. PDF
Serra, Y. L., X. Jiang, B. Tian, J. Astua, E. D. Maloney, G. N. Kiladis, 2014: Tropical Intra-seasonal Oscillations and Synoptic Variability, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 39, 189-215. PDF
Jiang, X., T. Kubar, S. Wong, W. S. Olson, and D. E. Waliser, 2014: Modulation of Marine Low Clouds Associated with the Tropical Intraseasonal Variability over the Eastern Pacific, J. Climate, 27, 5560-5574. PDF
Mani, J. N., J.-Y. Lee, D. E. Waliser, B. Wang, and X. Jiang, 2014: Predictability of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in the Intraseasonal Variability Hindcast Experiment (ISVHE), J. Climate, 27, 4531-4543. PDF
Guo, Y, X. Jiang, and D. E. Waliser, 2014: Modulation of the Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves over South American and the tropical Atlantic Ocean by the Madden-Julian Oscillation, J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 1371-1288. PDF
Maloney, E., S. J. Camargo, E. Chang, B. Colle, R. Fu, K. Geil, Q. Hu, X. Jiang, N. Johnson, K. Karnauskas, J. Kinter, B. Kirtman, S. Kumar, B. Langenbrunner, K. Lombardo, L. Long, A. Mariotti, J. Meyerson, K. Mo, D. Neelin, Z. Pan, R. Seager, Y. Serra, A. Seth, J. Sheffield, J. Stroeve, J. Thibeault, S.-P. Xie, C. Wang, B. Wyman, M. Zhao, 2014: North American Climate in CMIP5 Experiments: Part III: Assessment of 21st Century Projections, J. Climate, 27, 2230-2270. PDF
Wong, S., T. S. L'Ecuyer, W. S. Olson, X. Jiang, and E. J. Fetzer, 2013: Local Balance and Variability of Atmospheric Heating Budget over Oceans: Observation and Reanalysis-based Estimates, J. Climate, 27, 893-913. PDF
Wang, S.-Y., H.-H. Chia, R. R. Gillies, and X. Jiang, 2013: CFS forecast of the quasi-biweekly mode and its modulation on the diurnal rainfall in Taiwan, Weather Forecast, 28, 981-993. PDF
Sheffield, J., S. J. Camargo, R. Fu, Q. Hu, X. Jiang, N. Johnson, K. B. Karnauskas, J. Kinter, S. Kumar, B. Langenbrunner, E. Maloney, A. Mariotti, J. E. Meyerson, D. Neelin, Z. Pan, A. Ruiz-Barradas, R. Seager, Y. L. Serra, D.-Z. Sun, C. Wang, S.-P. Xie, J.-Y. Yu, T. Zhang, M. Zhao, 2013: North American Climate in CMIP5 Experiments. Part II: Evaluation of 20th Century Intra-Seasonal to Decadal Variability, J. Climate, 26, 9247-9290. PDF
Jiang, X., E. Maloney, J.-L. Li, and D. E. Waliser, 2013: Simulations of the Eastern Pacific Intraseasonal Variability in CMIP5 GCMs, J. Climate, 26, 3489-3510. PDF
Lee, J.-E., B. Lintner, J. D. Neelin, X. Jiang, P. Gentine, C. Boyce, J. Fisher, J. Perron, T. Kubar, J. Lee, J. Worden, 2012: Reduction of tropical land region precipitation variability via transpiration, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, doi:10.1029/2012GL053417. PDF
Santra, A., M. Halder, P. Mukhopadhyay, X. Jiang, and B. Goswami, 2012: Role of Cloud Hydrometeors on Northward Propagation of Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillations, Climate Dyn., doi:10.1007/s00382-012-1425-x. PDF
Waliser, D. E., and X. Jiang, 2012: Tropical Meteorology: Intertropical Convergence Zones (ITCZ). Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Second Edition, Edited by G. North, F. Zhang, J. Pyle. Academic Press, in press. PDF
Kubar, T., D. E. Waliser, J.-L. Li, and X. Jiang, 2012: On the annual cycle, variability, and correlations of oceanic low-topped clouds with large-scale circulation using Aqua MODIS and ECMWF-Interim, J. Climate, 25, 6152-6174. PDF
Jiang, X., M. Zhao, and D. E. Waliser, 2012: Modulation of tropical cyclone activity by the tropical intraseasonal oscillation over the Eastern Pacific in a high resolution GCM, J. Climate, 25, 6524-6538. PDF
Jiang, X., D. E. Waliser, D. Kim, M. Zhao, K. R. Sperber, W. Stern, S. D. Schubert, G. J. Zhang, W. Wang, M. Khairoutdinov, R. Neale, and M.-I., Lee, 2011: Simulation of the intraseasonal oscillation over the Eastern Pacific ITCZ in climate models, Climate Dyn., doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1098-x. PDF
Jiang, X., D. E. Waliser, W. S. Olson, W.-K. Tao, T. S. L'Ecuyer, S. Shige, K.-F. Li, Y. L. Yung, S. Lang, and Y. N. Takayabu, 2011: Vertical diabatic heating structure of the MJO: Intercomparison between recent reanalyses and TRMM estimates, Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 3208-3223. PDF
Petch, J., D. Waliser, X. Jiang, P. Xavier, and S. Woolnough, 2011: A global model inter-comparison of the physical processes associated with the MJO, GEWEX News, August. PDF
Jiang, X., D. E. Waliser, J.-L Li, and C. Woods, 2011: Vertical structures of cloud water associated with the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation based on CloudSat observations and ERA-Interim reanalysis, Climate Dyn., doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0853-8. PDF
Wang, S.-Y., L. E. Hipps, R. R. Gillies, X. Jiang, and A. L. Moller, 2010: Circum-global teleconnection and early summer rainfall in the US intermountain west. Theor. Appl. Climatol., doi:10.1007/s00704-010-0260-4, 102, 245-252. PDF
Waliser, D. E., J.-L. Li, B. Tian, and X. Jiang, 2010: Diagnostics for the tropics: some (cautious) uses of satellite data. Proceedings of Seminar on Diagnosis of Forecasting and Data Assimilation Systems, ECMWF, 7-10 September 2009. PDF
Jiang, X., Duane E. Waliser, William S. Olson, Wei-Kuo Tao, Tristan S. L'Ecuyer, Jui-Lin Li, Baijun Tian, Yuk L. Yung, Adrian M. Tompkins, Stephen E. Lang, and Mircea Grecu, 2009: Vertical heating structures associated with the MJO as characterized by TRMM estimates, ECMWF Reanalyses and forecasts: A case study during 1998-99 winter. J. Climate, 22, 6001-6020. PDF
Jiang, X., and D. E. Waliser, 2009: Two dominant subseasonal variability modes of the eastern Pacific ITCZ, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L04704, doi:10.1029/2008GL036820. PDF
Jiang, X., and D. E. Waliser, 2008: Northward propagation of the subseasonal variability over the Eastern Pacific Warm Pool. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L09814, doi:10.1029/2008GL033723. PDF
Jiang, X., D. E. Waliser, M. Wheeler, C. Jones, M.-I. Lee, and S. Schubert, 2008: Assessing the skill of an all-season statistical forecast model for the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 1940-1956. PDF
Jiang, X., and N.-C. Lau, 2008: Intraseasonal teleconnection between the North American and western North Pacific Monsoons with a 20-day time scale. J. Climate, 21, 2664-2679. PDF
Jiang, X., N.-C. Lau, I. M. Held and J. J. Ploshay, 2007: Mechanisms of the Great-Plains low-level jet as simulated in an AGCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 532-547. PDF
Jiang, X., N.-C. Lau, and S. A. Klein, 2006: Role of the eastward propagating convective episodes on the diurnal cycle and seasonal mean of the summertime rainfall over the U.S. Great-Plains. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19809, doi:10.1029/2006GL027022. PDF
Klein, S. A., X. Jiang, J. Boyle, S. Malyshev and S. Xie, 2006: Diagnosis of the summertime warm and dry bias over the U. S. Southern Great Plains in the GFDL climate model using a weather forecasting approach. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L18805, doi:10.1029/2006GL027567. PDF
Jiang, X. and T. Li, 2005: Reinitiation of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation in the tropical Indian Ocean. J. Climate, 18, 3777-3795. PDF
Jiang, X., T. Li and B. Wang, 2004: Structures and mechanisms of the northward propagating boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation. J. Climate, 17, 1022-1039. PDF
Gu, J., X. Jiang, H. Yin, and Y. Xu, 2000: The operational prediction results of the East China tropical cyclone model and improvement of the model. J. Tropical Meteorology, 16, 55-61 (in Chinese).
Gu, J., H. Yin, Y. Xu, X. Jiang, and X. Liang, 2000: The improvement and application of MM5 in numerical prediction of Shanghai Regional Meteorological Center. J. Applied Meteorology, 11, 189-198 (in Chinese).
Jiang, X. and Y. Zhu, 1998: A numerical study on factors affecting unusual motion of TC 9414 (Doug). J. Applied Meteorology, 9, 36-47 (in Chinese).
Zhang, Q., X. Jiang, and J. He, 1996: Air-sea coupling modes of tropical Pacific SSTA and wind stress fields. J. Tropical Meteorology, 2, 129-136 (in English).
Zhang, Q., X. Jiang, and J. He, 1996: Air-sea coupling modes of tropical Pacific SSTA and wind stress fields. J. Tropical Meteorology, 1, 43-50 (in Chinese).

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